{"id":9514,"date":"2021-12-26T09:30:47","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T05:30:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qarabag.com\/?p=9514"},"modified":"2021-12-27T09:24:25","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T05:24:25","slug":"susanin-serq-qapisi-esgeran-qalasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qarabag.com\/susanin-serq-qapisi-esgeran-qalasi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015eu\u015fan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rq qap\u0131s\u0131: \u018fsg\u0259ran qalas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qarabag.com<\/a> Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iri m\u00fcdafi\u0259 tikilil\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan \u015eu\u015fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259qrib\u0259n 25 km aral\u0131da yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u018fsg\u0259ran qalas\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131 tarixi v\u0259 memarl\u0131q qurulu\u015fu haqq\u0131nda material haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u018fsg\u0259ran qalas\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Xocal\u0131 rayonunun \u018fsg\u0259ran q\u0259s\u0259b\u0259sind\u0259, Qarqar\u00e7ay \u00e7ay\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f v\u0259 sol sahilind\u0259, da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda d\u0259r\u0259d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. Qala Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259 olunma qabiliyy\u0259tind\u0259 x\u00fcsusi rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131. \u018fg\u0259r d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n dar d\u0259r\u0259nin giri\u015fini ba\u011flayan qalan\u0131 tuturdusa, o zaman o \u015eu\u015faya s\u0259rb\u0259st giri\u015f\u0259 malik olurdu.<\/p>\n

Qalan\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131 1758-1760-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Qaraba\u011f xan\u0131 P\u0259nah \u018fli xan\u0131n o\u011flu Mehr\u0259l\u0131 b\u0259y t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n qoyulmu\u015fdur.
\n[\u018fhm\u0259db\u0259y Cavan\u015fir. Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasi m\u00f6vcudlu\u011fu haqq\u0131nda (1747-ci ild\u0259n 1805-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r) 1961, s\u0259h.71]<\/a><\/span>
\n[Az\u0259rbaycan arxeologiya komit\u0259sinin x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri. 1926-c\u0131 il, \u00a0E.A. Paxomovun \u201c\u018fsg\u0259ran\u201d m\u0259qal\u0259si 1902-ci il, s\u0259h. 9]<\/a><\/span>
\n[Yevlax-\u015eu\u015fa: Arxeoloji o\u00e7erk. C. Aleksandrovi\u00e7, \u0130. \u018fzimb\u0259yov, M. S\u0131soyev. 1928-ci il, s\u0259h. 10]<\/a><\/span>
\n[Az\u0259rbaycan. (Tarixi v\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259li yerl\u0259ri). 1960-c\u0131 il, s\u0259h. 133]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan tarix\u00e7isi Mirz\u0259 Camal Qaraba\u011fiy\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, qala 1788-1789-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Mehr\u0259l\u0131 b\u0259yin qarda\u015f\u0131 Qaraba\u011f xan\u0131 \u0130brahim X\u0259lil t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir. Lakin \u0130mperator Moskva Arxeologiya C\u0259miyy\u0259tinin m\u00fcxbir \u00fczv\u00fc V. M. S\u0131soyevin kitab\u0131nda qalan\u0131n XVIII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda P\u0259nah \u018fli xan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa edildiyi g\u00f6st\u0259rilir.
\n[Mirz\u0259 Camal Cavan\u015fir Qaraba\u011fi. Qaraba\u011f\u0131n tarixi. 1959-cu il, s\u0259h. 101-102]<\/a><\/span>
\n[V.M. S\u0131soyev. Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur q\u0259dim d\u00f6vr v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 q\u0131sa b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7ilik kitab\u00e7as\u0131. 1930-cu il, s\u0259h. 8]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Rus yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 V.M.Sidorov \u201cS\u0259yah\u0259t qeydl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcratlar\u0131. Turist \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn praktiki m\u0259lumatlar\u201d 1897-ci il kitab\u0131nda qalan\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 kimi t\u0259svir edir:<\/p>\n

\u201cA\u011fdamdan sonra da\u011flar ba\u015flad\u0131. Biz tut a\u011fac\u0131 v\u0259 \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda qurumu\u015f ki\u00e7ik \u00e7ay\u0131n boyunca gedirdik, yan\u0131ndan balaca a\u011f tatar m\u0259scidi olan unudulmu\u015f ki\u00e7ik q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ke\u00e7ib getdik v\u0259 tezlikl\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k bir da\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda heyr\u0259tamiz m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259li \u018fsg\u0259ran qalas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Qalan\u0131n q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ri, aralar\u0131ndan axan \u00e7ay il\u0259 iki zirv\u0259ni tutmu\u015fdu, y\u0259qin ki, k\u00f6hn\u0259 zamanlarda z\u0259ncirl\u0259 ba\u011flanan, divarlar\u0131 cod t\u00fck kimi iki t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n \u00e7aya do\u011fru uzan\u0131rd\u0131\u201d.
\n<\/em>[V. Sidorov. Rusiya boyunca. 2. Qafqaz. S\u0259yah\u0259t qeydl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcratlar\u0131. Turistl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn praktiki m\u0259lumatlar.1897-ci il, s\u0259h. 238-239]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u018fsg\u0259ran\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259 sistemi Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa qalas\u0131na arandan g\u0259l\u0259n h\u00fccumlara qar\u015f\u0131 qoruyucu sip\u0259r kimi yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Az\u0259rbaycan tarix\u00e7isi Mirz\u0259 Camal Qaraba\u011finin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi:“\u018fg\u0259r m\u00fcharib\u0259 zaman\u0131 qalada azsayl\u0131 piyada d\u00f6y\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259r oldu\u011funda, d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259n onlar\u0131n yan\u0131ndan \u015eu\u015fa qalas\u0131na t\u0259r\u0259f ke\u00e7ib ged\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi”.
\n<\/em>[Mirz\u0259 Camal Cavan\u015fir Qaraba\u011fi. Qaraba\u011f\u0131n tarixi. 1959-cu il, s\u0259h. 102]<\/a><\/span>
\n[A.V. Salamzad\u0259. XVI-XIX \u0259srl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1964-c\u00fc il, s\u0259h. 87]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Qala iki hiss\u0259d\u0259n – iki istehkamdan ibar\u0259tdir, onlardan biri \u00e7ay\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda – \u015f\u0259rq sahilind\u0259, dig\u0259ri is\u0259 solunda – q\u0259rbd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. Onlar yaln\u0131z onun m\u0259cras\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015f buraxaraq \u00e7ay\u0131n d\u0259r\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6nd\u0259l\u0259n k\u0259sirl\u0259r. 1901-ci ild\u0259 \u201cQafqazda rus h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda \u00e7ay\u0131n m\u0259cras\u0131n\u0131n iki q\u00fcll\u0259d\u0259n ibar\u0259t istehkamla ba\u011flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeyd olunur:<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00f6y\u00fck \u00a0A\u011fdam k\u0259ndind\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259r\u0259k yol Qarqar\u00e7ay v\u0259 ya \u018fsg\u0259ran-\u00e7ay\u0131n d\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 daxil olur. Burada \u015eu\u015faya \u00e7atma\u011fa t\u0259qrib\u0259n 25 verst qalm\u0131\u015f d\u0259r\u0259d\u0259n ke\u00e7\u0259n yolun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u018fsg\u0259ran q\u0259srinin divarlar\u0131 il\u0259 k\u0259silir. \u00c7ay\u0131n h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n istehkamlar\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc (3 saja q\u0259d\u0259r) divarlarla bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. \u018fsg\u0259ran\u00e7ay\u0131n qayal\u0131 sahill\u0259ri o q\u0259d\u0259r s\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 v\u0259 u\u00e7urumludur ki, istehkamdan dolan\u0131b yan ke\u00e7m\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil. H\u0259tta \u00e7ay\u0131n m\u0259cras\u0131nda da iki q\u00fcll\u0259 durur\u201d.
\n<\/em>[Qafqazda rus h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131. I-ci cild. 1901-ci il, s\u0259h. 202]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Qalan\u0131n sa\u011f sahil istehkam\u0131 t\u0259p\u0259nin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 \u0259sas istehkamlar\u0131 v\u0259 q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 olan 250 sm-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r qo\u015fa divardan ibar\u0259tdir, sol sahil hiss\u0259si is\u0259 k\u00fcncl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259, i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 he\u00e7 bir tikili olmayan b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00f6hk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilmi\u015f d\u00f6rdbucaqdan ibar\u0259tdir. Qalan\u0131n divarlar\u0131 \u00e7ay da\u015f\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilmi\u015fdir. Divarlar\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc 9 m-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, qal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 is\u0259 2 m-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rdir.
\n[Yevlax-\u015eu\u015fa: Arxeoloji o\u00e7erk. C. Aleksandrovi\u00e7, \u0130. \u018fzimb\u0259yov, M. S\u0131soyev. 1928-ci il., s\u0259h. 10]<\/a><\/span>
\n[V.M. S\u0131soyev. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur q\u0259dim d\u00f6vr v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 q\u0131sa b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7ilik kitab\u00e7as\u0131. 1930-cu il, s\u0259h. 8]<\/a><\/span>
\n[A.V. Salamzad\u0259. XVI-XIX \u0259srl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan memarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1964-c\u00fc il, s\u0259h. 88]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Sovet arxeoloqu E.A.Paxomov 1902-ci ild\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 “\u018fsg\u0259ran” m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 qeyd edirdi ki, qalan\u0131n divarlar\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131qdan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r d\u00fczg\u00fcn kublara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f c\u0131r\u0131q da\u015fdan h\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc; b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rd\u0259 (x\u00fcsusil\u0259 divarlar\u0131n h\u00f6rg\u00fc daxilind\u0259) bu da\u015fa iri \u00e7aylaq da\u015f\u0131 qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar \u00e7ox m\u00f6hk\u0259m sementl\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdir.
\n[Az\u0259rbaycan arxeologiya komit\u0259sinin x\u0259b\u0259rl\u0259ri. 1926-c\u0131 il, E.A.Paxomov \u201c\u018fsg\u0259ran\u201d m\u0259qal\u0259si, 1902-ci il, s\u0259h.7]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

H\u0259m\u00e7inin m\u0259lumdur ki, \u00e7ay\u0131n sol sahili il\u0259 \u015fose yolun \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qalan\u0131n divarlar\u0131n\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1871-ci ild\u0259 \u201c\u0130mperator I Aleksandr\u0131n \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n tarixi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda qalan\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sinin, 1823-1825-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 erm\u0259ni \u0259silli rus general\u0131, knyaz Valerian Qriqoryevi\u00e7 M\u0259d\u0259tov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u011f\u0131d\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 qeyd edilir:<\/p>\n

\u201cDiyar\u0131n ticar\u0259t v\u0259 s\u0259nayesini g\u00fccl\u0259ndirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn M\u0259d\u0259tov yollar\u0131 abadla\u015fd\u0131rma\u011f\u0131 \u00f6z \u00f6hd\u0259sin\u0259 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1823-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u018fsg\u0259randan \u015eu\u015fa qalas\u0131na ordan da t\u0259qrib\u0259n A\u011fo\u011flana q\u0259d\u0259r yolun d\u00fcz\u0259ldilm\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu i\u015f 1825-ci ild\u0259 h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tin x\u0259rcl\u0259ri olmadan yerli sakinl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yelisavetpolun 20 verstliyind\u0259n \u015eu\u015fan\u0131n yoxu\u015funa q\u0259d\u0259r yeni yol \u00e7\u0259kildi v\u0259 bu yolda M\u0259d\u0259tov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n kazak postlar\u0131 v\u0259 po\u00e7t stansiyalar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lveri\u015fli v\u0259 sa\u011flam yerl\u0259r qeyd edildi\u201d<\/em>.
\n[\u0130mperator I Aleksandr\u0131n \u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn Rusiyas\u0131n\u0131n tarixi. VI cild. 1871., s\u0259h. 328]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

1901-ci ild\u0259 \u201cQafqazda rus h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131nda bu bar\u0259d\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lar g\u00f6st\u0259rilir:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u018fn yeni d\u00f6vrd\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa avtomobil yolunun \u00e7\u0259kilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 onun in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 divarlarda b\u00f6y\u00fck d\u0259likl\u0259r a\u00e7ma\u011fa v\u0259 qalan\u0131n \u00f6z i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259n ke\u00e7m\u0259kl\u0259 yolu \u00e7\u0259km\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmu\u015fdular\u201d.
\n[Qafqazda rus h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131. I-ci cild. 1901-ci il, s\u0259h. 202]<\/a><\/span>
\n[Yevlax-\u015eu\u015fa: Arxeoloji o\u00e7erk. C. Aleksandrovi\u00e7, \u0130. \u018fzimb\u0259yov, M. S\u0131soyev. 1928-ci il., s\u0259h. 10]<\/a><\/span>
\n[V.M. S\u0131soyev. Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhur q\u0259dim d\u00f6vr v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t abid\u0259l\u0259ri \u00fczr\u0259 q\u0131sa b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7ilik kitab\u00e7as\u0131. 1930-cu il, s\u0259h. 8]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

1810-cu ild\u0259 Rusiya-\u0130ran m\u00fcharib\u0259si (1804-1813) zaman\u0131 qalada Rusiya il\u0259 \u0130ran aras\u0131nda 18 g\u00fcn s\u00fclh dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar\u0131 apar\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bu dan\u0131\u015f\u0131qlar u\u011fursuzluqla ba\u015fa \u00e7atd\u0131.
\n[Qafqazda rus h\u00f6kmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olmas\u0131. II-ci cild. 1902-ci il, s\u0259h.160; 163-166]<\/a><\/span>
\n[H.M. \u0130brahimb\u0259yli. Rusiya v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan XIX-cu \u0259srin birinci \u00fc\u00e7d\u0259 birind\u0259 (h\u0259rbi-siyasi tarixd\u0259n) 1969-cu il, s\u0259h.62; 64]<\/a><\/span>
\n[Az\u0259rbaycan Sovet Ensiklopediyas\u0131 – IV cild., s\u0259h. 233]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Rusiya imperiyas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si il\u0259 (XIX-cu \u0259srin 20-ci ill\u0259rinin sonu) \u018fsg\u0259ran qalas\u0131 \u00f6z m\u00fcdafi\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirmi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259rk edilmi\u015fdi.
\n[Az\u0259rbaycan. (Tarixi v\u0259 g\u00f6rm\u0259li yerl\u0259r). 1960-c\u0131 il, s\u0259h. 134]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

1992-ci ild\u0259 Xocal\u0131 rayonunun Erm\u0259nistan silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra qala da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131lara m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 2 avqust 2001-ci ild\u0259 qala yerli \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malik memarl\u0131q abid\u0259si kimi d\u00f6vl\u0259t qeydiyyat\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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