{"id":8968,"date":"2021-08-15T12:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-08-15T08:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/qarabag.com\/?p=8968"},"modified":"2021-08-16T13:12:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T09:12:00","slug":"qarabagda-xalcaciliq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qarabag.com\/qarabagda-xalcaciliq\/","title":{"rendered":"Qaraba\u011fda xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q"},"content":{"rendered":"
Haz\u0131rda Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif muzeyl\u0259rind\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. XVI-XVII \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 aid Qa<\/span><\/span><\/strong>raba\u011f ip\u0259k xal\u00e7as\u0131 (zili) Berlind\u0259ki \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t Muzeyind\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. XVIII \u0259sr\u0259 aid \u015eu\u015fa xal\u00e7as\u0131 Boston T\u0259sviri S\u0259n\u0259t Muzeyind\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. Amerika Tekstil Muzeyind\u0259 XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 \u015eu\u015fada toxunmu\u015f “\u018ff\u015fan” adl\u0131 xal\u00e7aya v\u0259 Nyu -Yorkdak\u0131 Metropolitan Muzeyind\u0259 “Verni” qrupunun Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7as\u0131na rast g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r<\/span><\/span><\/strong>siniz. Bak\u0131dak\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Milli Xal\u00e7a Muzeyind\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa v\u0259 Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n nadir kolleksiyas\u0131 var. Kolleksiyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u015eu\u015fan\u0131n Xal\u00e7a Muzeyind\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. 1992-ci ild\u0259, \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Erm\u0259nistan silahl\u0131 q\u00fcvv\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal edilm\u0259zd\u0259n bir q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259vv\u0259l \u015eu\u015fa Muzeyinin direktoru \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n 600 xal\u00e7a k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrd\u00fc. Qarabag.com<\/a> Qaraba\u011fda xal\u00e7a i\u015finin inki\u015faf tarixi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 material haz\u0131rlay\u0131b.<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n Xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim, \u0259n\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir v\u0259 tarix\u0259n ke\u00e7mi\u015f Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirilmi\u015fdir. XIX-cu \u0259srin sonunda \u0425\u0425-ci \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259lind\u0259. Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 Q\u0259rbi Avropan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259y\u0259 ixrac edirdil\u0259r. Bu xal\u00e7alar, h\u0259m\u00e7inin T\u0259brizd\u0259 v\u0259 \u0130stanbulda da sat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131q b\u00f6lg\u0259si \u015eu\u015fa, C\u0259bray\u0131l v\u0259 Z\u0259ng\u0259zur q\u0259zalar\u0131n\u0131n (indiki aran v\u0259 da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f) h\u00fcdudlar\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015firdi. Bu, Qaraba\u011f\u0131n Fars s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 yax\u0131n yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ox r\u0259sml\u0259rin xarakteri v\u0259 \u00fcslubu, toxunma \u00fcsulu v\u0259 Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n xovlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fcy\u00fc Fars xal\u00e7alar\u0131na ox\u015far idi, lakin Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas\u0131, fars xal\u00e7alar\u0131ndan f\u0259rqli olaraq ka\u011f\u0131zdan deyil, yundan toxunurdu. XIX-cu \u0259srin sonuna yax\u0131n Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7a b\u00f6lg\u0259si \u00f6z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck xal\u00e7alar istehsal edirdi. Texniki c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7alar\u0131 y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259tli idi, lakin XIX-cu \u0259srin 70-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259n sonra bu b\u00f6lg\u0259d\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tez solan anilin boyalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 r\u0259sml\u0259rinin b\u0259dii keyfiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 \u00e7ox gerid\u0259 qal\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n \u015eu\u015fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri Qaraba\u011f xal\u00e7a istehsal\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zi idi v\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n olan kustar s\u0259n\u0259tkarlardan daha \u00e7ox xarici bazar\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri il\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131\u015f olan, b\u00f6y\u00fck b\u0259dii z\u00f6vq\u0259 malik \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 qad\u0131n xal\u00e7a ustalar\u0131n\u0131n yeri hesab edilirdi. 1872-ci ild\u0259 Moskva Politexnik S\u0259rgisind\u0259, ekspert komissiyalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259ruz\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 Moskva Universitetinin n\u0259zdind\u0259 T\u0259bii Elm H\u0259v\u0259skarlar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin \u0130mperator \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n yekun r\u0259yl\u0259ri \u0259sas\u0131nda, yax\u015f\u0131 xal\u00e7alara g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fckafat yerl\u0259rini Qaraba\u011f b\u00f6lg\u0259sinin n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri tutdular:<\/p>\n [Qafqaz q\u0259zeti, burax\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u2116145, 10(22).12.1872. s\u0259h. 3].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7alar\u0131nda tez-tez Qaraba\u011fda “islimielyan” kimi tan\u0131nan bir orta ha\u015fiy\u0259y\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. O XIX-cu \u0259srin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u015eu\u015fa xal\u00e7a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda geni\u015f t\u0259tbiq edilirdi. – onlar onu “\u00e7aynikely\u0259n” v\u0259 ya “\u00e7aynikni\u015fan” adland\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131lar (\u00e7aydana b\u0259nz\u0259r ha\u015fiy\u0259). 1885-ci ild\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa xal\u00e7a istehsal\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaz\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 \u00e7evrilir. \u015eu\u015fada yeni xal\u00e7a kompozisiyalar\u0131 meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131 – \u201cBax\u00e7ada g\u00fcll\u0259r\u201d, \u201cSaxsida g\u00fcll\u0259r\u201d, \u201cBulud\u201d, \u201cAtl\u0131-itli\u201d. Qaraba\u011f b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259, \u0259sas\u0259n \u015eu\u015fa q\u0259zas\u0131nda \u201cke\u00e7\u0259\u201d v\u0259 \u201cnamyat\u201d ke\u00e7\u0259 m\u0259hsullar\u0131 istehsal olunurdu Onlar, orijinal, \u00e7ox g\u00f6z\u0259l r\u0259sml\u0259ri il\u0259 se\u00e7ilirdil\u0259r v\u0259 \u00f6zl\u0259ri il\u0259 xal\u00e7alar\u0131 \u0259v\u0259z ediirdil\u0259r. Lakin, XX-ci \u0259srin birinci r\u00fcb\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda onlar\u0131n istehsal\u0131 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini itirm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Qaraba\u011fdak\u0131 xal\u00e7a s\u0259n\u0259ti, h\u0259m istehsal\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 n\u00f6v m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyinin say\u0131 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan Qafqaz\u0131n dig\u0259r b\u00f6lg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n daha g\u00fccl\u00fc inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdi.<\/p>\n 1900-c\u00fc ild\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa q\u0259zas\u0131nda nax\u0131\u015flar\u0131n x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 xal\u00e7a n\u00f6v\u00fc m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyi se\u00e7ilirdi:\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n 1) lampa – ortada ki\u00e7ik bir nax\u0131\u015f il\u0259 onun fonu birr\u0259nglidir<\/p>\n 2) masa 3) ma\u015fin (qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q Avropa nax\u0131\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259)<\/p>\n 4) bal\u0131q (bal\u0131\u011fa b\u0259nz\u0259r nax\u0131\u015flar il\u0259)<\/p>\n 5) buta (badama ox\u015far nax\u0131\u015flarla)<\/p>\n 6) g\u00fcll\u00fc yayl\u0131q (q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yayl\u0131q)<\/p>\n 7) sini (siniy\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r nax\u0131\u015flarla)<\/p>\n 8) ya\u015fma (a\u00e7ma) – yumma (yuma)<\/p>\n 9) bulud (bulud fonu il\u0259)<\/p>\n 10) muncuq<\/p>\n 11) z\u0259rm\u0259xm\u0259r (q\u0131z\u0131l\u0131-m\u0259xm\u0259ri)<\/p>\n B\u00f6y\u00fckl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259, formas\u0131na v\u0259 t\u0259yinat\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 bu xal\u00e7alar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcl\u0259r:<\/p>\n [1901-ci il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Qafqaz t\u0259qvimi. Tiflis, 1900, s. 63; 64].<\/a> <\/span> <\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n[Zaqafqaziya. Sovet respublikalar\u0131: Az\u0259rbaycan, Erm\u0259nistan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Abxaziya, Acar\u0131stan, C\u0259nubi Osetiya, Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f, Nax\u00e7\u0131van. Statisitik – iqtisadi m\u0259cmu\u0259. Ali \u0130qtisadi \u015euran\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri 3. S.F. S. R. 1925-ci il, s\u0259h. 378].<\/a><\/span>
\n[K\u0259rimov L. Q. Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7as\u0131. 2-ci cild, Bak\u0131, G\u0259nclik, 1983. S\u0259h. 48].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\n[Qafqaz t\u0259qvimi 1901. Tiflis, 1900, s. 63; 64].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\n[Zaqafqaziya. Sovet respublikalar\u0131: Az\u0259rbaycan, Erm\u0259nistan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Abxaziya, Acar\u0131stan, C\u0259nubi Osetiya, Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f, Nax\u00e7\u0131van. Statisitik – iqtisadi m\u0259cmu\u0259. Ali \u0130qtisadi \u015euran\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri 3. S.F. S. R. 1925-ci il, s\u0259h. 378].<\/a><\/span>
\n[K\u0259rimov L. Q. Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7as\u0131. 2-ci cild, Bak\u0131, G\u0259nclik, 1983. S\u0259h. 48].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n\n
\n[K\u0259rimov L. Q. Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7as\u0131. 2-ci cild, Bak\u0131, G\u0259nclik, 1983. S\u0259h. 130].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\n[1887-ci il \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Qafqaz t\u0259qvimi, Qafqaz Statistika Komit\u0259sinin n\u0259zdind\u0259, Qafqazda M\u00fclki Hiss\u0259y\u0259 Ba\u015f r\u0259islik ed\u0259nin \u0259mri il\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015fdir. Tiflis, 1886 B\u00f6lm\u0259 I, s\u0259h. 201].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\n[K\u0259rimov L. Q. Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7as\u0131. 2-ci cild, Bak\u0131, G\u0259nclik, 1983. S\u0259h. 48].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
\n[Zaqafqaziya. Sovet respublikalar\u0131: Az\u0259rbaycan, Erm\u0259nistan, G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan, Abxaziya, Acar\u0131stan, C\u0259nubi Osetiya, Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f, Nax\u00e7\u0131van. Statisitik – iqtisadi m\u0259cmu\u0259. Ali \u0130qtisadi \u015euran\u0131n n\u0259\u015fri 3. S.F. S. R. 1925-ci il, s\u0259h. 378].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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\n[K\u0259rimov L. Q. Az\u0259rbaycan xal\u00e7as\u0131. 2-ci cild, Bak\u0131, G\u0259nclik, 1983. S\u0259h. 59;60].<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n