{"id":4353,"date":"2020-11-02T08:54:30","date_gmt":"2020-11-02T04:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/qarabag.com\/?p=4353"},"modified":"2020-11-06T13:23:03","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T09:23:03","slug":"s%c9%99n%c9%99dl%c9%99r-qarabagin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qarabag.com\/s%c9%99n%c9%99dl%c9%99r-qarabagin\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r Qaraba\u011f\u0131n \u201cerm\u0259ni m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259si\u201dnin sirrini a\u00e7\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qaraba\u011fda 20 faiz azl\u0131qda olan erm\u0259nil\u0259r c\u0259mi 100 il \u0259rzind\u0259 Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f \u0259halisinin 94%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259r\u0259k, onun m\u00fctl\u0259q \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7evrilmi\u015fdir. M\u0259hz bu, onlara orada 1990-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Qaraba\u011f\u0131n aran hiss\u0259sini udmu\u015f v\u0259 “Artsax Respublikas\u0131”na \u00e7evrilmi\u015f muxtariyy\u0259t \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verdi. Nisb\u0259t\u0259n q\u0131sa bir m\u00fcdd\u0259td\u0259, XIX – XX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rin\u0259 aid r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 20 – 94% aras\u0131nda bel\u0259 m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259vi bir yeni forma var idi.
\n<\/strong><\/span>
\nErm\u0259nil\u0259rin miqrasiyas\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r Qaraba\u011f\u0131n etnik t\u0259rkibi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u0259l\u0259 bu xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Rusiya imperiyas\u0131na r\u0259smi daxil edilm\u0259sind\u0259n iki il \u0259vv\u0259l, 19 iyul 1811<\/strong>-ci ild\u0259 daxili i\u015fl\u0259r naziri Osip Kozodavlevin “G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n v\u0259 Qafqaz\u0131n bir s\u0131ra dig\u0259r vilay\u0259tl\u0259rinin t\u0259sviri il\u0259” xidm\u0259ti qeyd t\u0259rtib olunmu\u015fdu. Orada bildirilirdi:<\/span><\/p>\n

“Qaraba\u011f \u0259razisind\u0259 12 min ail\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259hali, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n 2500 ail\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r erm\u0259nil\u0259r, qalanlar\u0131 is\u0259 tatarlar v\u0259 ya m\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dlil\u0259r<\/em> (m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar) oldu\u011fu hesab olunur”.<\/span>
\n[\u015e\u0259rqi Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r toplusu. Cild I (1801-1813. Erm\u0259nistan SSR Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n n\u0259\u015friyyat\u0131. \u0130r\u0259van, 1972. S\u0259h. 562]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00a0XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rin Qaraba\u011fda ya\u015fayan ail\u0259l\u0259rin \u00fcmumi say\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z 20,8% -ni t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259dimiz var. Bu, art\u0131q erm\u0259nil\u0259rin orada q\u0259dimd\u0259n \u00e7oxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etdikl\u0259ri iddialar\u0131n\u0131n birm\u0259nal\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259kzib olunmas\u0131na xidm\u0259t edir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Qaraba\u011f\u0131n Rusiya d\u00f6vl\u0259tin\u0259 r\u0259smi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 daxil edilm\u0259sind\u0259n on il sonra (1813) iki m\u0259mur ke\u00e7mi\u015f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u0259z\u0259r\u0259k, 17 aprel 1823<\/strong>-c\u00fc ild\u0259 “Qaraba\u011f vilay\u0259tinin t\u0259svirini” r\u0259hb\u0259rliy\u0259 t\u0259qdim etdil\u0259r. Bu s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 h\u0259r bir k\u0259ndin etnik m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 orada ya\u015fayan ail\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 qeyd edilirdi. Bu, \u0259halinin etnik t\u0259rkibinin hesablanmas\u0131na imkan verir. Bel\u0259 ki, 614 k\u0259ndd\u0259n 450-si “tatar” (y\u0259ni t\u00fcrk), 150-si is\u0259 erm\u0259ni k\u0259ndl\u0259ridir. Onlarda\u00a0 20.095 ail\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131: 15.729 (78.3%) \u2013 “tatar”, 4.366 (21.7%) \u2013 erm\u0259ni.
\n<\/span>[1823-c\u00fc ild\u0259 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u0131n Ba\u015f Qubernatoru Yermolovun \u0259mri il\u0259 h\u0259qiqi d\u00f6vl\u0259t m\u00fc\u015faviri Moqilevin v\u0259 Polkovnik 2-ci Yermolov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259rtib edilmi\u015f Qaraba\u011f vilay\u0259tinin t\u0259sviri. Tiflis, 1866]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u0259r iki r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ki, \u00f6t\u0259n \u0259srin ilk iki onilliyind\u0259 Qaraba\u011f\u0131n etnik t\u0259rkibi d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yib v\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259r \u0259halinin t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20%-ni t\u0259\u015fkil edib.<\/span> Bu kontekstd\u0259 \u015eu\u015fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u0259kt\u0259binin m\u00fc\u0259llimi Ambarsum Ter-Yeliazarovun qeydini d\u0259 misal g\u0259tirm\u0259k olar. O, 1880-ci ill\u0259rin sonlar\u0131nda, 20 ild\u0259n bir q\u0259d\u0259r sonra Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011fda erm\u0259ni Muxtar Vilay\u0259tinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259sas \u0259razi olacaq \u015eu\u015fa q\u0259zas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas istehsal sah\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 iqtisadiyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmumi t\u0259hlilini haz\u0131rlad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu q\u0259zan\u0131n etnik t\u0259rkibini t\u0259svir ed\u0259n Ter-Yeliazarov bildirir ki,” tatarlar” (y\u0259ni t\u00fcrkl\u0259r) “yerli sakinl\u0259rdir”.<\/span> \u00dcst\u0259lik, erm\u0259nil\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259rk\u0259n bel\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131qlamalar vermir.<\/span>
\n[Qafqaz yerl\u0259rinin v\u0259 tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259sviri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn materiallar toplusu. Qafqaz t\u0259dris dair\u0259si idar\u0259sinin n\u0259\u015fri. Tiflis, 1891 \/ \/ \u015e\u00f6b\u0259 I\u00a0 Zaqafqaziyan\u0131n b\u0259zi ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259nt\u0259q\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259t d\u0259rsl\u0259ri, s\u0259h. 62-79]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rinin Qaraba\u011fa k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1828-1830-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259<\/strong> Rusiya hakimiyy\u0259ti \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259d\u0259n C\u0259nubi Qafqaza 140.000-\u0259 yax\u0131n erm\u0259ni k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span> Onlar\u0131 ke\u00e7mi\u015f Qaraba\u011f, \u0130r\u0259van v\u0259 Nax\u00e7\u0131van xanl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirdil\u0259r. Qaraba\u011fda ne\u00e7\u0259 n\u0259f\u0259r erm\u0259ni miqrant\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0259qiq m\u0259lum deyil. Ancaq bu r\u0259q\u0259min \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli olmas\u0131n\u0131 o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn r\u0259smi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 fraqmentl\u0259ri s\u00fcbut edir:<\/span><\/p>\n

“…Aderbijandan xristianlar\u0131n b\u00f6lg\u0259miz\u0259 ke\u00e7m\u0259si, sonradan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m m\u0259lumatlardan da g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi, m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilir v\u0259 \u00a0indi Qaraba\u011fda 279<\/span> v\u0259 \u0130r\u0259van b\u00f6lg\u0259sind\u0259 948 ail\u0259<\/span> art\u0131q m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Polk. Lazarev t\u0259minat verir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin say\u0131 5000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox ail\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259kdir<\/em>“.<\/span>
\n[\u0130. F. Paskevi\u00e7in \u0130. \u0130. Dibi\u00e7\u0259 Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0130randan Rusiyaya k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda 26.05.1828-ci il tarixli raportu A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259n sitat g\u0259tirilir: \u015e\u0259rqi Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r toplusu. Erm\u0259nistan SSR Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131, \u0130r\u0259van, 1972. c. II (1814-1830), s\u0259h. 497<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n

“5000-d\u0259n \u00e7ox ail\u0259 Araza yax\u0131nla\u015fd\u0131qda … \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan Regional \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n r\u0259smi m\u0259ktubunu ald\u0131m, o, m\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259lumat verirdi ki, \u00e7\u00f6r\u0259k azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259r\u0259 laz\u0131mi k\u00f6m\u0259k g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259 bilm\u0259z v\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u0259hsul y\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131na q\u0259d\u0259r saxlama\u011f\u0131 xahi\u015f etdi. Tezlikl\u0259, May\u0131n 8-d\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fimd\u0259n Siz Alih\u0259zr\u0259tin ad\u0131ndan k\u00f6\u00e7k\u00fcnl\u0259rin, x\u00fcsusil\u0259 yoxsullar\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck hiss\u0259sinin, h\u0259r \u015feyl\u0259 t\u0259min oluna bil\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259ri Qaraba\u011fa getm\u0259l\u0259ri<\/span> bar\u0259d\u0259 24 aprel tarixli \u2116926\u00a0 s\u0259r\u0259ncam q\u0259bul edildi<\/em>“.<\/span>
\n[<\/u>Erm\u0259nil\u0259rin \u0130randan k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259si \u00fczr\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259r polkovnik Lazarevin Qafqazdak\u0131 Rusiya qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n komandan\u0131 general Paskevi\u00e7\u0259 24.12.1829\u00a0 tarixli hesabat\u0131ndan. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259n sitat g\u0259tirilir: S. Qlinka Adderbidjan\u00a0erm\u0259nil\u0259rinin Rusiya s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sinin t\u0259sviri. Moskva, 183. S\u0259h. 127<\/a>]<\/u>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“B\u0259yazet d\u0259st\u0259sinin r\u0259isi gen.-m. <\/em>(general-mayor) Reutt 20 dekabrdan m\u0259n\u0259 m\u0259lumat verdi ki, <\/em>Alih\u0259zr\u0259t B\u0259yazet \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin <\/em>(m\u00fcasir T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin \u015f\u0259rqi) erm\u0259nil\u0259rin\u0259 verilm\u0259si ist\u0259dikl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 1143 ail\u0259nin \u00f6z torpaqlar\u0131na k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcrm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Erm\u0259ni mahallar\u0131nda olan Tal\u0131\u015f, D\u0259r\u0259\u00e7i\u00e7\u0259k v\u0259 Abaran mahallar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7m\u0259yi t\u0259klif etdil\u0259r; B\u0259yazid pa\u015fal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sancaqlar\u0131ndan iki min ail\u0259nin is\u0259 Qaraba\u011f vilay\u0259tind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259yi t\u0259klif etdil\u0259r. B\u0259yazid \u015f\u0259h\u0259r sakinl\u0259ri il\u0259 ayr\u0131lmaq ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n bu son ail\u0259l\u0259r…\u00a0 \u00f6z m\u00fcv\u0259kkill\u0259rini g\u00f6nd\u0259rdil\u0259r v\u0259 bu \u0259razid\u0259n ilk onlar\u0131n k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259sini xahi\u015f etdil\u0259r…<\/span> Erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259tinin yuxar\u0131da qeyd olunan \u00fc\u00e7 mahal\u0131nda yaln\u0131z 800 ail\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259skunla\u015fd\u0131rmaq olar…<\/em>“.<\/span>
\n[M. Z. Arqutinski-Dolqorukovun \u0130. F. Paskevi\u00e7\u0259 b\u0259yazit erm\u0259nil\u0259rinin Erm\u0259ni vilay\u0259tin\u0259 k\u00f6\u00e7m\u0259k ist\u0259yi haqq\u0131nda raportu, yanvar 1830-cu il. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259n sitat g\u0259tirilir: \u015e\u0259rqi Erm\u0259nistan\u0131n Rusiyaya birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r toplusu. Erm\u0259nistan SSR Elml\u0259r Akademiyas\u0131, \u0130r\u0259van, 1972. c. II (1814-1830), s\u0259h. 602]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Erm\u0259ni miqrasiyas\u0131ndan sonra Qaraba\u011f\u0131n etnik t\u0259rkibinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1830-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259<\/strong>, y\u0259ni \u0130ran v\u0259 T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 erm\u0259nil\u0259rinin k\u00fctl\u0259vi sur\u0259td\u0259 C\u0259nubi Qafqaza k\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcr\u00fclm\u0259sind\u0259n bir ne\u00e7\u0259 il sonra Paris Co\u011frafi C\u0259miyy\u0259tinin qurucular\u0131ndan biri Jan-Batist Benua Eyries (Jean-Baptiste Beno\u00eet Eyri\u00e8s) buraya s\u0259f\u0259r etmi\u015fdir. O, s\u0259yah\u0259t qeydl\u0259rini 1839-cu ild\u0259 Parisd\u0259 \u00abVoyage pittoresque en Asie et en Afrique, r\u00e9sum\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des voyages anciens et modernes\u00bb ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kitab \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr etdirib. T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, m\u0259rk\u0259zi paris kitabxanalar\u0131nda, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Centre national d ‘ art et de culture Georges-Pompidou-da, h\u0259m\u00e7inin Paris co\u011frafiya c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin arxivind\u0259 bu kitab\u0131n yaln\u0131z q\u0131sald\u0131lm\u0131\u015f versiyalar\u0131 qorunub saxlan\u0131b. Amma bizim s\u0259r\u0259ncam\u0131m\u0131zda onun 1840-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Moskvada n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015f rus t\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si var. Burada Qaraba\u011f\u0131n iki s\u0259hif\u0259lik t\u0259sviri var. Frans\u0131z s\u0259yyah\u0131 sakinl\u0259rin etnik-dini t\u0259rkibi bar\u0259d\u0259 qeyd edirdi:<\/span><\/p>\n

“\u018fhali \u0259sas\u0259n m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlardan, y\u0259ni tatarlardan <\/em>(t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n) v\u0259 k\u00fcrdl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir ki, bu da 14,000 ail\u0259dir. H\u0259m\u00e7inin erm\u0259nil\u0259r d\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n say\u0131 iki d\u0259f\u0259 azd\u0131r<\/em>“.<\/span>
\n[Eyrie (Eyriere) r\u0259hb\u0259rliyi alt\u0131nda frans\u0131z dilind\u0259 t\u0259rtib edilmi\u015f v\u0259 qravyuralar il\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259dilmi\u015f Asiya \u0259traf\u0131nda m\u0259nz\u0259r\u0259li s\u0259yah\u0259t. Moskva, 1840. S\u0259h. 25]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, 1830-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 Qaraba\u011fda ail\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 21.000-\u0259 yax\u0131n idi. Bu, dem\u0259k olar ki, 1823-c\u00fc ild\u0259 oldu\u011fu q\u0259d\u0259rdir. Ancaq erm\u0259nil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 nisb\u0259t a\u00e7\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fib. \u018fg\u0259r Erm\u0259nil\u0259r 1823-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Qaraba\u011fda ya\u015fayan ail\u0259l\u0259rin 22%-d\u0259n az hiss\u0259sini t\u0259\u015fkil edirdis\u0259, 1830-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 onlar\u0131n pay\u0131 33%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r artm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eyriesin m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fu dolay\u0131 yolla 1836-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Sankt-Peterburqda \u00e7ap olunmu\u015f “Qafqazdak\u0131 Rusiya m\u00fclkl\u0259rinin icmal\u0131” s\u0259n\u0259dind\u0259ki m\u0259lumatlarla t\u0259sdiql\u0259nir. Orada “Qaraba\u011f \u0259yal\u0259ti”nin \u0259halisinin etnik t\u0259rkibi g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, ail\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 20.449 t\u0259\u015fkil edir.<\/span>
\n[Statistik, etnoqrafik, topoqrafik v\u0259 maliyy\u0259 bax\u0131m\u0131ndan Rusiyan\u0131n Qafqazdak\u0131 m\u00fclkl\u0259rinin icmal\u0131. Sankt-Peterburq, 1836. I hiss\u0259, s\u0259h. 20]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131r ki, 1823-1836-c\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 Qaraba\u011fdak\u0131 ail\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131 \u00e7ox c\u00fczi miqdarda – 20.095-d\u0259n 20.449-a kimi art\u0131b. Ancaq eyni zamanda, erm\u0259nil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 nisb\u0259td\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r oldu:<\/span><\/p>\n